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2. History of Korean Baduk
 
※ Popularization Stage (Koryo until mid-Joseon)
 
In Koryo before the Japanese invasion of 1592 (mid-Chosun era), Baduk came to be played throughout the upper classes. Thanks to many books we know that Baduk was played by the Kings Ye-jong and Kongmin-wang of Koryo; the Princes Yang-nyeong and An-pyeong of Chosun; the Senior Ministers Wu-tak, who was responsible for the celebrated mountain rock-hewn Baduk board, Lee Sek, who wrote the first Baduk literary note 'Gigi', and Chung Mongju; the generals Kangjo,
who played Baduk in camp, and Choi Chung-hun; the scholars Lee Gyubo and the Jukrim-chilhyun (seven wise men of Bamboo Wood, an intellectual retreat).
In particular, many scholars of the early Chosun period - Lee Gyubo, Seo Geojung, Sin Sukju, Lee Seok-hyung, Seong Hyun and other - regarded Baduk as a social refinement and wrote many Baduk poems, and literary notes.
 
※ The Golden Age of Sunjang Baduk (mid-Chosun until End of Joseon)
 
Through the end of 16th century, Baduk grew in popularity with both of the Yang-ban (equivalently ranked parallel civil and military upper classes). It was one of the four gentlemanly arts (music, Baduk, painting and calligraphy) which they had to study. The intelligentsia of the time have left us many writings about Baduk: General Lee Soon-sin's Campaign Diaries, the female poet Heo Nan-seolheon's Baduk poems, Lee Deok-mu's 'Hyuk-gi' (the first Baduk literary essay), Chung Won-yong' s 'Ki-seol' (a Baduk literary note), are prominent amongst numerous surviving documents demonstrating Baduk's popularity at this time. This is the period when Yu Seong-ryong is believed to have devised Sunjang Baduk. The Kuksu (national master) title was first recognized during this period, and the succession is still maintained to the present day. Famous strong Baduk players included Lee Deok-won who played with Li Rusong, the general of the reinforcing Chinese army, Yun Hong-yim, Yu Chang-hong, the artist Choi Buk, Sin Gyeong, Whang-O and others.
 
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